Inspection of concrete for constituent determination, reinforcing-bar location, chloride detection, safety evaluation, etc.

Detection of Grout in masonry.

Detection and evaluation of corrosion under paint and thick stratified composite-laminate coatings.

Accurate thickness measurements of coatings, single dielectric slabs (paint), and layered dielectric composites made of plastics, ceramics, or any other type of dielectric material whose loss factor is not too large.

Detection of minute thickness variations in each layer of a stratified dielectric medium.

Detection of disbonds, delaminations, and voids in stratified media and (potentially) the determination of the depth of these flaws.

Inspection of thick plastics and glass-reinforced composites for interior flaws, fiber-bundle orientation and breakage, moisture content, etc.

Detection and estimation of porosity in ceramics, thermal barrier coatings, plastics, glass, etc.

Detection and measurement of moisture content in wood, grains, textiles, etc.

Impact damage detection and evaluation for reinforced composite structures, including graphite composites.

Fiber orientation determination in graphite and glass-reinforced composites.

Accurate characterization of the constituents (e.g., volume content, dielectric constant) in dielectric mixtures.

Detection and evaluation of cure states in chemically reactive materials such as carbon-loaded rubber, resin binder, cementious materials, etc.

Detection and sizing of surface cracks (stress and fatigue) in metals. This capability extends to cracks filled or covered by dielectric materials such as paint, rust, dirt, etc.

Profiling and roughness evaluation of metal surfaces.

Imaging of localized and extended-area interior and surface defects.

Heating loss dielectric materials for medical or thermographic-imaging purposes.